bash - How ${@: -1} expand to last argument -

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i knows ${para:[start]:[length]} , $@ notation i'm unable find out how ${var: -1} evaluates last argument.

consider length - 1 resolve in last character in $var. same goes ${var:(-2)}, ...:

var='hello' printf "%s\n" "${var:(-1)}" # o printf "%s\n" "${var:(-2)}" # lo printf "%s\n" "${var:(-3)}" # llo

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